Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b, Fig. 2c, Fig. 2d, Fig. 2e A photograph showing a) nickel-plate bone cutters (c1920), b) the flat tenon saw and c) the bow saw from Collis (c1880), d) the two basic amputation knives of the 18th century (Arnold and Son, c1875), e) the Aitken chain saw (c1785). All by courtesy of Mr J. Kirkup of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.